Јаглерод
6
C
Група
14
Периода
2
блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
6
6
6
Општи Својства
Атомски број
6
Атомска тежина
12,0107
Масен број
12
Категорија
Неметали
Боја
Црно
Радиоактивно
Не
From the Latin word carbo, charcoal
Кристална структура
Обично хексагонално
Историја
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Електрони на орбитала
2, 4
Електронска конфигурација
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Физички Својства
Фаза
Цврста состојба
Густина
2,267 g/cm3
Точка на топење
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Точка на вриење
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Топлина на топење
105 kJ/mol
Топлина на испарување
715 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлински капацитет
0,709 J/g·K
Обилност во Земјината кора
0,18%
Обилност во Универзумот
0,5%
CAS број
7440-44-0
PubChem CID број
5462310
Атомски Својства
Атомски полупречник
67 pm
Ковалентен полупречник
77 pm
Електронегативност
2,55 (Полингова скала)
Јонизациски потенцијал
11,2603 eV
Атомски волумен
5,31 cm3/mol
Топлинска спроводливост
1,29 W/cm·K
Оксидациски состојби
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Примени
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
12C, 13CНестабилни изотопи
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C