Тулиум
69
Tm
Група
Нема одговор
Периода
6
блок
f
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
69
69
100
Општи Својства
Атомски број
69
Атомска тежина
168,93421
Масен број
169
Категорија
Лантаноид
Боја
Сребро
Радиоактивно
Не
Named after Thule, the earliest name for Scandinavia
Кристална структура
Обично хексагонално
Историја
Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
Електрони на орбитала
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Електронска конфигурација
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Thulium ore occurs most commonly in China
Физички Својства
Фаза
Цврста состојба
Густина
9,321 g/cm3
Точка на топење
1818,15 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F
Точка на вриење
2223,15 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F
Топлина на топење
16,8 kJ/mol
Топлина на испарување
250 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлински капацитет
0,16 J/g·K
Обилност во Земјината кора
0,000045%
Обилност во Универзумот
1×10-8%
CAS број
7440-30-4
PubChem CID број
23961
Атомски Својства
Атомски полупречник
176 pm
Ковалентен полупречник
190 pm
Електронегативност
1,25 (Полингова скала)
Јонизациски потенцијал
6,1843 eV
Атомски волумен
18,1 cm3/mol
Топлинска спроводливост
0,168 W/cm·K
Оксидациски состојби
2, 3
Примени
Thulium is used to dope yttrium aluminum garnets used in lasers.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
Thulium is considered to be non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
169TmНестабилни изотопи
145Tm, 146Tm, 147Tm, 148Tm, 149Tm, 150Tm, 151Tm, 152Tm, 153Tm, 154Tm, 155Tm, 156Tm, 157Tm, 158Tm, 159Tm, 160Tm, 161Tm, 162Tm, 163Tm, 164Tm, 165Tm, 166Tm, 167Tm, 168Tm, 170Tm, 171Tm, 172Tm, 173Tm, 174Tm, 175Tm, 176Tm, 177Tm, 178Tm, 179Tm