Ториум
90
Th
Група
Нема одговор
Периода
7
блок
f
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
90
90
142
Општи Својства
Атомски број
90
Атомска тежина
232,03806
Масен број
232
Категорија
Актиноид
Боја
Сребро
Радиоактивно
Да
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Кристална структура
Страноцентрирана кубна
Историја
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Електрони на орбитала
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Електронска конфигурација
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Физички Својства
Фаза
Цврста состојба
Густина
11,7 g/cm3
Точка на топење
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Точка на вриење
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Топлина на топење
16 kJ/mol
Топлина на испарување
530 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлински капацитет
0,113 J/g·K
Обилност во Земјината кора
0,0006%
Обилност во Универзумот
4×10-8%
Кредити на слика: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS број
7440-29-1
PubChem CID број
23960
Атомски Својства
Атомски полупречник
179 pm
Ковалентен полупречник
206 pm
Електронегативност
1,3 (Полингова скала)
Јонизациски потенцијал
6,3067 eV
Атомски волумен
19,9 cm3/mol
Топлинска спроводливост
0,54 W/cm·K
Оксидациски состојби
2, 3, 4
Примени
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
232ThНестабилни изотопи
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th