Калиум
19
K
Група
1
Периода
4
блок
s
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
19
19
20
Општи Својства
Атомски број
19
Атомска тежина
39,0983
Масен број
39
Категорија
Алкален метал
Боја
Сребро
Радиоактивно
Не
From the English word, potash - pot ashes; Latin kalium, Arab qali, alkali
Кристална структура
Телоцентрирана кубна
Историја
Potassium's symbol K comes from 'kalium' the name of the element in Germany and Scandinavia.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Potassium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, who derived it from caustic potash by the use of electrolysis of the molten salt with the newly discovered voltaic pile.
Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis.
Електрони на орбитала
2, 8, 8, 1
Електронска конфигурација
[Ar] 4s1
People whose diets are low in potassium can suffer from hypokalemia
Физички Својства
Фаза
Цврста состојба
Густина
0,862 g/cm3
Точка на топење
336,53 K | 63,38 °C | 146,08 °F
Точка на вриење
1032,15 K | 759 °C | 1398,2 °F
Топлина на топење
2,33 kJ/mol
Топлина на испарување
76,9 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлински капацитет
0,757 J/g·K
Обилност во Земјината кора
1,5%
Обилност во Универзумот
0,0003%
CAS број
7440-09-7
PubChem CID број
5462222
Атомски Својства
Атомски полупречник
227 pm
Ковалентен полупречник
203 pm
Електронегативност
0,82 (Полингова скала)
Јонизациски потенцијал
4,3407 eV
Атомски волумен
45,46 cm3/mol
Топлинска спроводливост
1,024 W/cm·K
Оксидациски состојби
-1, 1
Примени
The greatest demand for potash has been in its use for fertilizers.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and is found in most soils.
Potassium nitrate is the main explosive ingredient in gunpowder.
Potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soft soaps and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries.
Potassium must be handled with great care with full skin and eye protection
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
39K, 41KНестабилни изотопи
32K, 33K, 34K, 35K, 36K, 37K, 38K, 40K, 42K, 43K, 44K, 45K, 46K, 47K, 48K, 49K, 50K, 51K, 52K, 53K, 54K, 55K