Калциум
20
Ca
Група
2
Периода
4
блок
s
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
20
20
20
Општи Својства
Атомски број
20
Атомска тежина
40,078
Масен број
40
Категорија
Земноалкален метал
Боја
Сребро
Радиоактивно
Не
From the Latin word calx, lime
Кристална структура
Страноцентрирана кубна
Историја
Calcium was known as early as the first century when the Ancient Romans prepared lime as calcium oxide.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Електрони на орбитала
2, 8, 8, 2
Електронска конфигурација
[Ar] 4s2
The shell of an egg is made up of primarily calcium carbonate
Физички Својства
Фаза
Цврста состојба
Густина
1,54 g/cm3
Точка на топење
1115,15 K | 842 °C | 1547,6 °F
Точка на вриење
1757,15 K | 1484 °C | 2703,2 °F
Топлина на топење
8,54 kJ/mol
Топлина на испарување
155 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлински капацитет
0,647 J/g·K
Обилност во Земјината кора
5%
Обилност во Универзумот
0,007%
Кредити на слика: Wikimedia Commons (Matthias Zepper)
Pure calcium in a protective argon gas atmosphere
CAS број
7440-70-2
PubChem CID број
5460341
Атомски Својства
Атомски полупречник
197 pm
Ковалентен полупречник
176 pm
Електронегативност
1,00 (Полингова скала)
Јонизациски потенцијал
6,1132 eV
Атомски волумен
29,9 cm3/mol
Топлинска спроводливост
2,01 W/cm·K
Оксидациски состојби
1, 2
Примени
Calcium is used to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon from alloys.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
Calcium is considered to be non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
40Ca, 42Ca, 43Ca, 44Ca, 46CaНестабилни изотопи
34Ca, 35Ca, 36Ca, 37Ca, 38Ca, 39Ca, 41Ca, 45Ca, 47Ca, 48Ca, 49Ca, 50Ca, 51Ca, 52Ca, 53Ca, 54Ca, 55Ca, 56Ca, 57Ca