Галиум
31
Ga
Група
13
Периода
4
блок
p
Протони
Електрони
Неутрони
31
31
39
Општи Својства
Атомски број
31
Атомска тежина
69,723
Масен број
70
Категорија
Слаб метал
Боја
Сребро
Радиоактивно
Не
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Кристална структура
Основоцентрирана орторомпска
Историја
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Електрони на орбитала
2, 8, 18, 3
Електронска конфигурација
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Физички Својства
Фаза
Цврста состојба
Густина
5,907 g/cm3
Точка на топење
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Точка на вриење
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Топлина на топење
5,59 kJ/mol
Топлина на испарување
256 kJ/mol
Специфичен топлински капацитет
0,371 J/g·K
Обилност во Земјината кора
0,0019%
Обилност во Универзумот
1×10-6%
CAS број
7440-55-3
PubChem CID број
5360835
Атомски Својства
Атомски полупречник
135 pm
Ковалентен полупречник
122 pm
Електронегативност
1,81 (Полингова скала)
Јонизациски потенцијал
5,9993 eV
Атомски волумен
11,8 cm3/mol
Топлинска спроводливост
0,406 W/cm·K
Оксидациски состојби
1, 2, 3
Примени
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Изотопи
Стабилни изотопи
69Ga, 71GaНестабилни изотопи
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga